Aumento do sangramento menstrual em mulheres submetidas à laqueadura tubária: uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59464/2359-4632.2025.4019Palabras clave:
Laqueadura tubária, Sangramento uterino anormal, Menorragia, Distúrbios menstruais, Esterilização femininaResumen
Objetivo: Mapear si las mujeres sometidas a ligadura de trompas presentan un aumento del sangrado vaginal durante el período menstrual.
Método: Revisión de alcance realizada según las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), basada en la estrategia PICO: P (población) – mujeres en edad reproductiva sometidas a ligadura tubárica; I (intervención) – aplicación de diferentes técnicas de esterilización tubárica; C (comparación) – mujeres sin ligadura o sometidas a otras técnicas; y O (resultado) – cambios en el patrón de sangrado menstrual. La búsqueda se realizó en octubre de 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando descriptores controlados y términos libres en portugués, inglés y español. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025.
Resultados: De los 224 registros identificados inicialmente, nueve estudios cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Las investigaciones, en su mayoría cohortes retrospectivas y prospectivas, se llevaron a cabo en países como Irán, Estados Unidos, Turquía, Pakistán e India. Aunque algunos estudios (Irán, 2016; Pakistán, 2020) informaron un aumento significativo de la menorragia (≈63–67% frente a 22–23% en los controles), grandes cohortes estadounidenses e investigaciones turcas no observaron un incremento significativo del sangrado tras la ligadura.
Conclusión: La relación entre la ligadura de trompas y el aumento del sangrado uterino sigue siendo controvertida y multifactorial. La evidencia sugiere que los posibles cambios menstruales se deben más a factores individuales y ginecológicos que al propio procedimiento.
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