El papel de la impulsividad en la autolesión y el comportamiento suicida: una revisión integradora.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59464/2359-4632.2026.4164Palabras clave:
Autolesiones, Análisis de Conducta, Suicidio, Impulsividad, AutocontrolResumen
Objetivos: Verificar la influencia de la impulsividad en las conductas suicidas y la autolesión no suicida en individuos de 13 a 25 años, así como el desarrollo de habilidades de autocontrol como forma de prevención, desde una perspectiva conductual-analítica. Metodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect y Virtual Health Library, empleando la palabra clave central "Impulsividad", combinada con las palabras clave "Autolesión", "Análisis de Conducta", "Suicidio" y "Autocontrol", utilizando indicadores de búsqueda para incluir estudios que cumplieran con los criterios de selección establecidos. Los artículos seleccionados fueron estudios empíricos y de revisión, así como capítulos de libros, publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en portugués e inglés. Resultados: Se verificó que la impulsividad está presente en varios casos de conductas suicidas y autolesión no suicida en este grupo de edad, pero no existe una relación directa y constante entre ellos. Además, se observó una gran diversidad en las concepciones de la impulsividad en la literatura, y pocos estudios sobre factores protectores, centrándose principalmente en los factores de riesgo. Conclusión: A pesar de la falta de una relación directa, estas conductas suelen ser impulsivas, y cuando se identifican como tales, fomentar el autocontrol constituye una intervención valiosa. Por lo tanto, se recomiendan más estudios sobre el análisis funcional de las autolesiones no suicidas y las conductas suicidas, así como sobre los factores protectores que pueden reducir su frecuencia.
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