Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en la ecografía obstétrica en el punto de atención durante el cuidado prenatal: una revisión exploratoria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59464/2359-4632.2026.4199Palabras clave:
Inteligencia artificial, Ecografía prenatal, Atención prenatal, Diagnóstico por imagen, Revisión de alcanceResumen
Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial en la ecografía obstétrica point-of-care durante la atención prenatal. Métodos: Revisión de alcance realizada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute y reportada conforme a la declaración PRISMA-ScR. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, además de literatura gris. La pregunta de investigación se estructuró mediante el mnemónico PCC, considerando mujeres embarazadas, fetos y/o profesionales de la atención prenatal, inteligencia artificial aplicada a la ecografía obstétrica y ecografía point-of-care en la atención prenatal. Resultados: Se identificaron 431 estudios en las bases de datos y 34 documentos en la literatura gris, totalizando 17 estudios incluidos, publicados entre 2019 y 2025. Predominaron los estudios de desarrollo, validación o evaluación técnica de algoritmos. Las principales aplicaciones incluyeron la estimación de la edad gestacional, la biometría fetal, la detección de planos estándar, la evaluación de la presentación fetal, la localización placentaria y el control de calidad de las imágenes. Conclusión: La inteligencia artificial aplicada a la ecografía obstétrica point-of-care presenta un gran potencial para ampliar el acceso a la evaluación prenatal, apoyar a operadores no especialistas y mejorar el cribado obstétrico; sin embargo, aún se requieren estudios multicéntricos, validación externa y evaluación en escenarios reales de atención.
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