Análisis temporal de la mortalidad materna COVID-19 en Brasil en 2022 y 2023: estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59464/2359-4632.2025.3669Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Gravidez, Período pós-parto, Saúde da Mulher, Mortalidade MaternaResumen
Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad y evolución clínica de las mujeres en edad reproductiva (gestantes y puérperas) con COVID-19 en Brasil durante los años 2022 y 2023. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio basado en datos secundarios del Observatorio Obstétrico Brasileño de COVID-19 (OOBr). Fueron incluidos registros de mujeres hospitalizadas con diagnóstico de COVID-19, abarcando informaciones demográficas, clínicas y gestacionales. Los análisis involucraron estadística descriptiva y bivariada, considerando un nivel de significancia de p<0,05. Resultados: Entre los casos predominaron las mujeres de 20 a 34 años y con educación media superior. En cuanto al color de la piel, las mujeres indígenas y negras fueron más vulnerables, mientras que las blancas fueron mayoría en números absolutos. Regionalmente, la mayor concentración se dio en el Sudeste y la menor en el Norte. El tercer trimestre gestacional presentó el menor riesgo relativo (RR=0,067; p=0,011853), seguido del puerperio (RR=0,075). La hospitalización en la UCI y la necesidad de ventilación invasiva se asociaron a un mayor riesgo relativo. La evolución a muerte fue significativa (RR=0,128; p=0,047329), lo que pone de manifiesto la gravedad de los casos críticos. Conclusiones: Las mujeres en edad reproductiva continúan siendo un grupo vulnerable a la COVID-19, especialmente aquellas con factores de riesgo como cardiopatía y obesidad. Son necesarias estrategias preventivas y atención especializada para reducir la mortalidad materna.
Palabras clave: COVID-19; Embarazo; Periodo posparto; Salud de la mujer; Mortalidad materna
Citas
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