A INDÚSTRIA DA MINERAÇÃO NO BRASIL: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E O LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL

Abstract

Public policy is an instrument that aims, among others, to achieve social well-being and the country's sustainable development. In this sense, this study addresses the Brazilian mineral industry, its importance for the economy, and the promotion of developments in different aspects, including the environment. The need is emphasized for the exploration of mineral resources to be aligned with the policies envisaged for the location where they are located, and that these policies follow the guidelines established by the State and the Federation. To this end, the work investigated the relationship between federal and state public policies and the environmental licensing process, analyzing how public policy on the environment and mining, through environmental licensing instruments, occurs, focusing on the three states of the federation that have the greatest presence in the mineral sector: Minas Gerais, Pará, and São Paulo. Thus, it was possible to understand that government policies, the Mining Code, regulatory agencies, and state inspection entities, are fundamental to ensuring that mineral exploration occurs sustainably, protecting the environment, and ensuring responsible use. of natural resources. However, the risk inherent to the activity requires a constant search for best practices to strike a balance between development and preservation.